7 V) b" @* Q; C* O/ C 一、If型$ g& J4 R0 `; G. ]' z% x) A
) Z) Y" `# y. f+ ?! f3 V* Z
If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气,其句型结构如下: + P6 }' U) Z& d! w& P& h" M+ V0 P, E* l' v% M) }8 K/ R
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从句 9 Q8 M$ y, m( o$ M$ `! \$ T主句8 p" C# J, V- w: [
与过去事实相反/ G7 U7 S% I+ g& f: H
had done 8 U+ E9 P( }) @; D9 z& n7 jwould/could/might have done: ]: J3 s. R) Q+ l3 f
与现在事实相反 8 d" Q0 s* I0 X1 E, g) l6 u1 fdid/were! _( y1 A; a- k- c" t0 A! x4 J
would/could/might do 7 F7 ]3 H3 h5 C7 \) ]与将来事实相反- r r9 f% p- V* B. U% g# n' f- s# u
were to do/should do/did 0 w1 m. W; t2 U ^: T2 Xwould/could/might do 6 t6 d( [. _; U 特别值得注意的是,这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟,即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如:从句动作发生在过去,主句动作发生在现在),谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。例如: & P- ~# M, P/ R$ `( }) Q# g% m ! z% t5 h; L8 {5 J. I If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位,他很可能现在就得到了。 ) n- F# t3 a, d; @, N/ R% d% T4 o
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话,他现在已经到那里了。 3 C: i5 s% J U7 N( ]5 o, _1 P6 n3 a! ?( p2 o0 s& ^: T7 @7 s
二、Wish型 : |$ t: ~7 q. ] p6 ]- v % ?/ W! E2 h( w1 X( G/ s; R5 f 1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,其句型结构如下: S# u6 S% P$ b0 }( l
9 T; N/ S( l( Z# x& E 与过去事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done ) |" r1 ]+ @+ c$ `0 i% m+ H 8 a0 L( m8 |1 b8 O4 ~9 h 与现在事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用did3 m# P3 _* G$ y% w6 r
- ~$ w0 {5 G" E) P 与将来事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do) y6 U5 e( I2 c( z1 i5 j3 u
) x6 t. c4 o# w3 \: J1 {* _
例如:. q1 }8 M$ K; _/ P& p% H4 b
3 D/ {. y& \: p: X: g- G B
I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。 8 Q" R# ~ b& K" e g # m' g, @+ M' L2 \ I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。) r& k- e0 Q$ T; U" C/ R
$ `: g, ]) F2 d. K 同样地,在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中,谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。! c) |& ^( G) I$ q7 P2 n
2 ]/ x' c3 r; l) f: e 2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气! n# F+ U" D8 K% g$ i
, a% F3 l( q; c 与过去事实相反 if only 谓语动词用had done / \3 p3 q4 Z' c. L1 k 1 `7 S7 M* B8 x( U 与现在事实相反 if only 谓语动词用did : x- R8 F& f! v/ [6 R 9 k5 E j' ^: Y5 i! u 例如:, b2 j1 u1 S( Q
8 l3 q0 c) ^0 t2 P0 t. v
If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了! & p/ ]$ S: H! v& H4 ]: |- O) O7 P' Y) Y+ y% Q: |+ `- a6 z6 L& V
3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气8 S. A, U( @/ T1 n B
0 _% g* A9 u. @3 z. b 与过去事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用had done$ v! v( h3 r0 G0 R; z7 E
" a0 a- W! l( z7 ]/ L5 ^7 }" L
与现在事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用did# \. [4 N3 ?( h- g+ Q0 ]
' J) {- T7 `) E$ G) H6 ^' _$ a 例如: 6 R; T' s: r4 r; l9 v( ~# M9 `1 R+ ~! E0 q. W7 o
He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。 ! S8 F2 S, U2 j4 Y l+ v( p& u. @: D6 ?, C
He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。 1 n0 Z( R! E" u A5 A9 ]) q& D* j. ]5 w/ b4 W$ x
三、强制性虚拟语气 ; b8 ]. {" @4 ^* d1 u. V u0 h1 |. G1 x( G" K+ |8 ` 1.表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括:advise,ask,command,decide,decree,demand,desire,determine, direct,insist,maintain,move(动议,规定),order,prefer,propose,recommend,require,stipulate,suggest等等。例如:8 t5 `8 Y" ]6 b& g/ S2 u9 N; l
X( y+ x- v6 n7 o7 [) L
It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开收音机。 - n" Y( j/ _% Y! D) c5 L; Y1 C, i 2 ^/ R# ^: i" b( Z f7 R; W 2.以上动词转化为名词,如suggestion,proposal,demand,order,command,advice,desire,requirement,request,agreement,determination,preference,resolution,indication,后接同位语从句或表语从句时,从句要求用虚拟语气,其谓语部分用should + 动词原形,should可以省略。例如:9 z# ^0 G5 u( l; a* N" E
y3 ^8 Z& w3 V1 A
We are all for your proposal that discussion should be put off.我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。 i1 W5 ~# G% D! C7 P
: l/ O- [8 K: x/ q) s8 H ?
3.值得注意的是,只有suggest意为“建议”、insist意为“坚持认为”时,从句用虚拟语气,当suggest意为“暗示”、insist意为“坚持说”时,从句不用虚拟语气。例如: 9 r/ Z" V! j+ U# [! M / q1 q& x' y+ Q5 J When the son suggested that they should go to park on Sunday, the expression on his father suggested that he agreed with him.当儿子提议星期天去公园时,父亲用表情表示了默许。 : R) S; W) Z& I3 S$ z6 ^8 O# h$ U& f* i6 L2 y/ o
The boy insisted that he didn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持说他没有在考试中作弊。(考试已经结束) o5 t4 I, Z& }* x' I: L
! [$ Q1 v: O2 d The boy insisted that he shouldn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持认为不应该在考试中作弊。(考试还未进行) 4 Q- u1 `/ e% Q" a& g4 `6 f 5 U9 {8 K4 Q6 ^1 Z7 y5 Y 4.It is/was + 形容词/过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性,即某人对某事的反应。这类词包括:important,natural,desirable,possible,astonishing,advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,improper,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,shocked,requested,amazing,strange,odd,ridiculous,surprising,unthinkable,incredible等等。例如:' h8 B, U# ~0 D9 C" _
* {9 U$ N W2 H; v# f! ]6 y It is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also practice.大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识,更要有实践经验,这一点很重要。 / u1 h/ n7 m3 [6 ^. P( `+ z3 N5 Q1 @ , D4 Y$ G l- H4 j It is surprising that they should kill the time like that.他们竟然这样打发时间,真是太奇怪了。8 }* e7 ]# \% Q+ ^, c: O: w, Y' c
2 d/ W. B+ A& d Q6 B 四、其他类型的虚拟语气 - N( U0 H! T2 G6 _( U9 J# m% V5 H, b6 D8 G6 a( h
1.由would rather/sooner,would sooner,had rather,would just as soon,would prefer等结构引导的虚拟语气,其句型结构如下:9 j. O! `- q! V7 \" o
4 y; O, C) A/ Z1 c
与过去事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用had done: P& q e' d2 j9 c- ]+ z
3 ?/ @. V g; v7 T% { 与现在、将来事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用did9 T# e6 z: Y" O+ N% f% [* j
2 z& Y3 I$ V6 [4 E 2.由it is time引导的虚拟语气,谓语动词始终用did。, i* I; L6 I: S0 {
$ t- ^5 s" j8 ]
3.在lest that,for fear that,in case that,引导的表示消极意义的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气,结构用should + 动词原形。例如:8 m! f: q5 B1 w$ C$ @& i* e
" R4 w' a* ?1 t/ n
I keep some candle in the house in case that electric power should fail.我在家里备了些蜡烛,以防断电。 ' G) `, D' E! t0 s8 C 0 l& X, i$ O$ D 4.含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用if 引导的条件句,而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如:without,but for,otherwise,or,but that,given,provided,supposing,were it not for等等。例如:8 r' i7 i5 k4 \; T% ]. V+ _
5 \, E4 j; O3 y; b& u- v
Given me more time, I would have worked out a more perfect scheme. 再给我一点时间的话,我本可以设计出更加完善的方案。) ~. f8 m4 _! t1 z% T
7 S1 r' n0 ^) L7 W% w) R
Were it not for your help, I would haven’t finished the work on time. 要不是你的帮助,我不可能按时完成工作。 3 b' x; A) |. Q8 y. D5 k9 P. d, n! w8 p) C. c% H" c2 ^& C
5.表示祝愿或希望用虚拟语气,例如: ( W; z! D: x) {, \3 a$ Y; E$ v0 F0 W- F G3 g& K
Long live the queen! 女王万岁!. h) o6 v- Z0 d3 p6 I* z: q
7 T7 g+ O. e4 s/ E/ }/ k0 u God bless you! 上帝保佑你!' m8 p4 D( ]7 k) I. \7 M
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From:http://edu.sina.com.cn/en/2006-01-10/213235500.html作者: 173111405陈生妹 时间: 2017-12-18 11:02
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